2017).įrom the inverse dynamic analysis, axial compression force and anteroposterior shear forces at the L4-L5 discs were computed. GRF and moments were predicted for IMC-PGRF and OMC-PGRF models using a method similar to that of previous studies (Karatsidis et al. bvh data and the musculoskeletal model in AMS to perform marker tracking between the two models (Karatsidis et al. Virtual markers were introduced on the stick figure created from the. The IMC-PGRF model was scaled according to the joint-to-joint distances between segments contained in the. OMC-MGRF was considered the golden standard, as it is the most commonly used system for providing kinematic and kinetic input to musculoskeletal models. The musculoskeletal models were developed in the AnyBody Modelling System (AMS). All measurements were synchronized in Xsens MVN Analyze.įrom the laboratory measurements, three musculoskeletal models were developed, each driven from a different kinematic and kinetic input:ġ) optical motion capture and measured ground reaction forces (OMC-MGRF)Ģ) optical motion capture and predicted ground reaction forces (OMC-PGRF)ģ) inertial motion capture and predicted ground reaction forces (IMC-PGRF). GRF and moments were measured using three floor-mounted force plates, one placed beneath each foot and one beneath the box, sampling at 1200 Hz. IMC were measured using 17 inertial measurement units (IMUs) sampling at 60 Hz. OMC included full-body trajectories of 42 passive reflective markers measured with 8 infrared cameras sampling at 120 Hz. Motion analysis was performed using the OMC and IMC systems simultaneously. Load transferring involved moving a 10 kg box between two tables. The lifting tasks involved lifting a 10 kg box from the ground to an upright position, to a table in front of the subjects, and to a table placed asymmetrically to the side of the subject. This approach will help determine if musculoskeletal models driven by IMC data and predicted GRFs can be used to estimate spinal loading in the field.ġ3 healthy subjects performed three trials of four different lifting tasks including symmetrical lifting, asymmetrical lifting, and load transferring. To achieve this, we compared the joint reaction forces at the L4-L5 discs to an optical motion capture (OMC) and force plate-driven musculoskeletal model. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to validate the estimation of L4-L5 spinal forces based on a musculoskeletal model driven exclusively by IMC data and GRF prediction during various lifting and transferring tasks. However, such approach has not yet been validated during typical manual materials handling tasks. Kinematic input to a musculoskeletal model using orientation estimates from full-body ambulatory inertial motion capture (IMC) measurements have already been tested with inverse dynamic calculations using a ground reaction force (GRF) prediction approach (Karatsidis et al. Recent advances in ambulatory motion tracking systems, such as with Xsens MVN Analyze, allow the application of full-body motion capture in any working environment with minimal impact from magnetic distortions (Filippeschi et al. ![]() Until recently, accurate musculoskeletal models would involve camera based motion capture and floor-mounted force plates that are expensive and inconvenient to use in the field (Faber et al. For this reason, several other methods have been implemented in an attempt to estimate these forces, including anatomically detailed, computer-based musculoskeletal models (Dreischarf et al. However, the assessment of spinal loading in the field is challenging and rarely done due to the invasive methods involved. ![]() Heavy lifting imposes high compression forces on the spine, particularly around the at L4-L5 vertebral discs, which can result in fractures, degeneration, or permanent injury to the intervertebral discs and vertebral endplates (Brinckmann et al. ![]() Low back pain is the most frequent work-related musculoskeletal disorder and has been associated with work involving manual materials handling tasks, such as heavy lifting.
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